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Snakes with Legs - Snake Evolution

Visual Evolution
was formerly www.visual-evolution.com

All images are copyrighted as noted. All other images are believed to be in the public domain. Please advise if you believe otherwise. Content copyright 2001-2004 Visual Evolution. Keep it real.


Seeing is believing...


...You don't have to examine the fossil record to find snakes with legs. Here are reptiles that are alive and well with legs playing a greater or lessor role in their locomotion. Clearly we have "intermediate species" right among us.


leglessness in snakes
Leglessness in Snakes


leglessness in snakes
Cape Dwarf Burrowing Skink


leglessness in snakes
Alberts Burrowing Skink


leglessness in snakes
Breyers' Long-Tailed Seps


leglessness in snakes
Large Scaled Grass Lizard

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Polydactylity - Extra Fingers and Toes

Visual Evolution
was formerly www.visual-evolution.com

All images are copyrighted as noted. All other images are believed to be in the public domain. Please advise if you believe otherwise. Content copyright 2001-2004 Visual Evolution. Keep it real.


Polydactylity...


...Extra fingers and toes are evidence that mutations can easily produce additions to the body plan.


six toes, six fingers


six toes, six fingers
"You know and I know there are people out there who have made six holes-in-one and more," Bill Brown said. "I don't believe there is anybody in the world who has made six holes-in-one that has six toes on one foot."
Credits: ANDREW DAVIS TUCKER/STAFF
Augusta Chronicle


six toes, six fingers


six toes, six fingers


six toes, six fingers


six toes, six fingers


six toes, six fingers


six toes, six fingers
The Amish present a high incidence of polydactylity due to a limited gene pool.

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Human Tails

Visual Evolution: Tails on Humans
was formerly www.visual-evolution.com

All images are copyrighted as noted. All other images are believed to be in the public domain. Please advise if you believe otherwise. Content copyright 2001-2004 Visual Evolution. Keep it real.

Atavistic structures in individual members of a species arise from a defect in the individual's genetic development. A gene may not turn on (or off) at the right time.


These abnormalities differ from vestigial organs, that are genetic holdovers from a species' ancestors. These organs (e.g. appendix) occur in all members of a species, but have lost their original functionality.


According to CECIL ADAMS:

"Still, at one point in his/her life, every human being does have a tail. Human embryos have a tail that measures about one-sixth of the size of the embryo itself. As the embryo develops into a fetus, the tail is absorbed by the growing body, but some traces remain even in adults. Occasionally, a child is born with a "soft tail," described by one embryologist as containing "no vertebrae, but blood vessels, muscles, and nerves, of the same consistency as the short tail of the Barbary ape." Modern procedures allow doctors to eliminate the tail at birth, but some children have had to learn to live with them.


Some images have been increased in size, and colorized for clarity.


human tails


human tails


human tails


human tails


human tails


human tails


human tails


human tails


human tails


human tails


Some Creationists say "Occasionally a human baby is born with a tail-like appendage and this is said to be evidence that our ancestors had tails. Actually, such rare congenital deformities are usually a type of fatty tumor having no relationship to the tail of a monkey." You have the intelligence to judge for yourself.

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Science vs. Creation Science

Visual Evolution
was formerly www.visual-evolution.com

All images are copyrighted as noted. All other images are believed to be in the public domain. Please advise if you believe otherwise. Content copyright 2001-2004 Visual Evolution. Keep it real.


Frequently asked questions...


Q. How does mainstream science differ from creation science?


"Science is a process of searching for fundamental and universal principles that govern causes and effects in the universe. The process itself is a method of building, testing, and connecting falsifiable models to describe, explain and predict a shared reality. The method includes hypothesis, repeatable experiments and observations, and new hypothesis. The prime criterion in determining the usefulness of a model is the ease with which the model correctly makes predictions or explains phenomena in the shared reality." From Young Skeptics website.


Contrast this to the stated goals of ICR: "All things in the universe were created and made by God in the six literal days of the creation week described in Genesis 1:1-2:3, and confirmed in Exodus 20:8-11. The creation record is factual, historical, and perspicuous; thus all theories of origins or development which involve evolution in any form are false. All things which now exist are sustained and ordered by God's providential care. However, a part of the spiritual creation, Satan and his angels, rebelled against God after the creation and are attempting to thwart His divine purposes in creation."
Source: www.icr.org/abouticr/tenets.htm


So... the end result of any "creation" research must support their unchalangable assumption. This is not science, this is religion. (By the way, if Satan is "attempting to thwart His divine purposes" apparently their god is not all powerful. What does this imply for christian monotheism?)

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Extinction

Visual Evolution
was formerly www.visual-evolution.com

All images are copyrighted as noted. All other images are believed to be in the public domain. Please advise if you believe otherwise. Content copyright 2001-2004 Visual Evolution. Keep it real.


99% of all species that ever lived are now extinct...


Extinctions


...and their fossils are preserved in layers that are strictly ordered chronologically. Nowhere do you find fossils that are out of place! Never are the fossils of mammals found with early reptiles, nor are amphibians found with the earliest trilobites. If a fossil were found out of place, it would be a scientist's dream come true. Their reputation would be made. But, so far no one has found a fossil that is out of place anywhere!


Extinctions


Species become extinct all the time, but periodically mass extinctions destroy large numbers of species in a short time.


  • The earth's geologic history has been punctuated by five massive extinctions. In scientific terms a "mass extinction" can be described as follows:
    A mass extinction is any substantial increase in the amount of extinction (i.e., lineage termination) suffered by more than one geographically widespread higher taxon during a relatively short interval of geologic time, resulting in an at least temporary decline in their standing diversity [numbers of species].
    - Sepkoski (in Donovan, 1989)

    In other words, mass extinctions rapidly affect many kinds of living things and are very widespread or even global in extent.
    Mass Extinctions An Ongoing Process


    Extinctions


  • Global Biodiversity Assessment
    The Global Biodiversity Assessment (GBA) is an independent, critical, peer reviewed scientific analysis of the current issues, theories and views regarding the main aspects of biodiversity. It provides an analysis of a wide range of biological and social science issues related to biodiversity.


    Extinctions

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    Main Index




    Visual Evolution
    was formerly www.visual-evolution.com

    All images are copyrighted as noted. All other images are believed to be in the public domain. Please advise if you believe otherwise. Content copyright 2001-2004 Visual Evolution. Keep it real.


    Science vs. Creation Science
    Creation science and how it differs from legitimate scientific enquiry.


    Seeing is believing...


    ...so here is just a small amount of the overwhelming visual evidence of biological evolution. Please use this site to promote the beauty and elegance of rationalism and science.


    Why is this so important? We face serious social and planetary problems. Our real problems can only be solved by real science... not by religious fundamentalists who corrupt "science" to further their own immutable beliefs nor by New Age romantic mystics. Truth is the highest morality.

    Human Tails
    Crowds are flocking to Indian temples to see a Muslim baby with a 'tail' who is believed to be the reincarnation of a Hindu god. The 11-month-old boy has been named Balaji or Bajrangbali, another name for monkey-faced Lord Hanuman. He is reported to have a 4in 'tail' caused by genetic mutations during the development of the foetus. Iqbal Qureshi, the child's maternal grandfather, is taking Balaji from temple to temple where people offer money to see the boy. Mr Qureshi says the baby has nine spots on his body like Lord Hanuman and showed them to journalists, reports Indian newspaper The Tribune.

    Human Tail

    Seeing is believing...


    Atavistic structures in individual members of a species arise from a defect in the individual's genetic development. A gene may not turn on (or off) at the right time.


    These abnormalities differ from vestigial organs, that are genetic holdovers from a species' ancestors. These organs (e.g. appendix) occur in all members of a species, but have lost their original functionality.


    According to CECIL ADAMS:

    "Still, at one point in his/her life, every human being does have a tail. Human embryos have a tail that measures about one-sixth of the size of the embryo itself. As the embryo develops into a fetus, the tail is absorbed by the growing body, but some traces remain even in adults. Occasionally, a child is born with a "soft tail," described by one embryologist as containing "no vertebrae, but blood vessels, muscles, and nerves, of the same consistency as the short tail of the Barbary ape." Modern procedures allow doctors to eliminate the tail at birth, but some children have had to learn to live with them.


    Some Creationists say "Occasionally a human baby is born with a tail-like appendage and this is said to be evidence that our ancestors had tails. Actually, such rare congenital deformities are usually a type of fatty tumor having no relationship to the tail of a monkey." You have the intelligence to judge for yourself.
    See ten photographic examples of Human Tails


    Snake Evolution...You don't have to examine the fossil record to find snakes with legs. Here are reptiles that are alive and well with legs playing a greater or lessor role in their locomotion. Clearly we have "intermediate species" right among us.

    Snakes Evolution - Limbs

    More images of transitional species from legged to leglessness Snake Evolution


    Polydactylity

    Extra Digits on Hands and Feet

    ...Extra fingers and toes are evidence that mutations can easily produce additions to the body plan.


    Human and Dinosaur Footprints

    human and dinosaur tracks

    Some desperate creationists insist that there are human footprints mingled with the dino prints. Photographs of the fraudulent impressions and carvings.


    Extinction
    Extinction of Species, and geological charts which show mass extinctions.


    Continental Movements
    Charts demonstrating drift in continents over geological time.


    Strata, The Grand Canyon
    The oldest layers preserve bacteria and colonies of blue-green algae that gave Earth its oxygen. An orderly record of animal and plant evolution unfolds. Artist Jim Thomas explores strata layers in the Canyon, and eco-systems spanning back two billion years.

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